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Basic Operations

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language for communicating with databases. You can use it to manage relational databases by performing insert, query, update, and other operations.

StoneDB is fully compatible with MySQL. You can use clients supported by MySQL to connect to StoneDB. In addition, StoneDB supports most SQL syntaxes. This section describes the basic SQL operations supported by StoneDB.

SQL can be classified into the following four parts by usage:

  • Data Definition Language (DDL): is used to manage database objects, such as CREATE, ALTER, and DROP statements.
  • Data Manipulation Language (DML): is used to manage data in tables, such as INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE statements.
  • Data Query Language (DQL): is used to query objects, such as SELECT statements.
  • Data Control Language (DCL): is used to control access to data, such as GRANT and REVOKE statements.

Operations on databases

This section provides examples of performing basic operations on databases.

Create a database​

Execute the following SQL statement to create a database named test_db and set the default character set to utf8mb4:

create database test_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;

List databases​

Execute the following SQL statement to list databases:

show databases;

Use a database​

Execute the following SQL statement to use database test_db:

use test_db;

Drop a database​

Execute the following SQL statement to drop database test_db:

drop database test_db;

Operations on tables

This section provides examples of performing basic operations on tables.

Create a StoneDB table​

Execute the following SQL statement to create a table which is named student and consists of the id, name, age, and birthday fields:

create table student(
id int(11) primary key,
name varchar(20),
age smallint,
birthday DATE
) engine=stonedb;
info

The row-based storage engine is named StoneDB in StoneDB-5.6, and is renamed to Tianmu in StoneDB-5.7 to distinguish from the database StoneDB.
If you do not specify engine=stonedb in the SQL statement, the storage engine on which the table is created is determined by the value of parameter default_storage_engine. For more information, see [Configure parameters](https://stonedb.io/docs/developer-guide/appendix/configuration-parameters/.

Query the schema of a table​

Execute the following SQL statement to query the schema of table student:

show create table student;

Drop a table​

Execute the following SQL statement to drop table student:

drop table student;

Operations on data

This section provides examples of performing basic operations on data.

Insert data into a table​

Execute the following SQL statement to insert a record to table student:

insert into student values(1,'Jack',15,'20220506');

Modify data in a table​

Execute the following UPDATE statement to modify data in table student:

update student set age=25 where id=1;

Remove data from a table​

Clear data in a table​

Execute the following DELETE statement to remove data in table student:

delete from student where id=1;

Query data from a table​

Execute a SELECT statement to query data from a table.
Example 1: Query the name and birthday of the student whose id is 1 from table student.

select name,birthday from student where id=1;

Example 2: Query the name and birthday of each student and sort the result by birthday from table student.

select name,birthday from student order by birthday;

Operations on users

This section provides examples of performing basic operations on users.

Create a user​

Execute the following SQL statement to create a user named tiger and set the password to 123456:

create user 'tiger'@'%' identified by '123456';
info

The username together with the hostname uniquely identify a user in the format of 'username'@'host'. In this way, 'tiger'@'%' and 'tiger'@'localhost' are two users.

Grant a user permissions​

Execute the following SQL statement to grant user tiger the permissions to query all tables in database test_db:

grant select on test_db.* to 'tiger'@'%';

Query user permissions​

Execute the following SQL statement to query permissions granted to user tiger:

show grants for 'tiger'@'%';

Drop a user​

Execute the following SQL statement to drop user 'tiger'@'%':

drop user 'tiger'@'%';